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Understanding and Using Permanent Magnets
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
a. Purpose
b. History of developments in magnetism and magnetic materials
c. What is magnetism?
d. Types of magnetism: para, dia, ferri, anti-ferri, ferro, anti-ferro
e. What is a "permanent" magnet?
2. Fundamental Properties of Magnetic Materials
a. Units (SI and CGS)
b. Hysteresis (loop)
c. Material properties defined (on the loop)
d. Normal versus Intrinsic Loops
e. Thermal Effects
f. Hard (Permanent) versus Soft Magnetism
3. Measurement and Testing
a. Flux density measurements using a Gaussmeter
b. Flux coil measurements using a fluxmeter
c. Hysteresisgraph
d. Pulse magnetometer
4. Permanent Magnet Materials
a. Cast alnico
b. Sintered alnico
c. Samarium cobalt
d. Neodymium-iron-boron
e. Ceramic (Ferrite)
f. Iron-chrome-cobalt
g. Bonded
h. Samarium-iron-nitride
i. Miscellaneous (CuNiFe, MnAlC, Pt-Co, etc)
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5. Markets and Applications
a. Market Segments: Industrial Equipment, Reprographic, Computers and Peripherals, Security Systems, Advertising and Promotional including Signs and Displays, Toys, Novelties, Telecommunications, Consumer and Appliance, Automotive, Military and Aerospace, Medical, Office Automation, Power Tools
b. Devices: Acoustic Transducers, Actuators, Focusing Devices, Gauges, Holding Devices, Motors, Sensors, Torque Coupling Devices, and Biomedical Devices
6. Designing with Permanent Magnets
a. Design equations
b. Flux density in space calculations
c. Permeance calculations
1. Magnet in space (simple form of permeance equations)
2. Circuit permeance calculations
d. Selecting the "Best" permanent magnet material
e. Finite and Boundary Element Analysis
f. Design examples
7. Magnetizing and De-magnetizing
a. Power supplies
1. Effects of capacitance vs. voltage
2. Parasitic resistance and inductance effects
b. Fixtures
1. Basic designs
2. Simple calculations for solenoid coils
3. Temperature effects
c. Pole configurations
8. Environmental Considerations
a. Coating & plating: Types of coating, Benefits and limitations, Relative cost
b. Radiation effects
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9. Manufacturing Processes
a. Foundry casting: Alnico, Iron-chrome-cobalt, Platinum-cobalt Magnets
b. Ceramic processing: Ferrite (Ceramic) Magnets
c. Powder metallurgy (Press & Sinter): Samarium cobalt, Neodymium-iron-boron, Sintered alnico
d. Bonded processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Compression bonding, Injection molding
e. Precursor processing: Rapid quenching, Calcio-thermic reduction, Melt/Cast
10. Related Magnetic Phenomena
a. Hall effect
b. Magnetostriction
c. Magnetoresistance
d. Kerr effect
Appendices:
A. Bibliography
B. Glossary
Index
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